Northrop, Douglas. "Subaltern Dialogues: Subversion and Resistance in Soviet Uzbek Family Law." Slavic Review 60, no. 1 (2001): 115-139.
Northrop reviews the Soviet attempt to change Uzbek family life through law (byt crimes) and the complications that are inherent with such law reform projects. He first reviews how the Soviets chose which traditions to criminalize, then how they attempted to enforce those crimes, the local reaction to enforcement, and finally the negotiated outcome. He uses local archives, Uzbek and Russian language materials, and contemporary scholarship as sources. This article is part of his book Veiled Empire. He also wrote, "The Limits of Liberation."
Sections: Custom Criminalized: Defining a Canon of "Byt Crimes;" Soviet Law as a Starting Point: Negotiation, Subversion, Creativity; Reworking Bolshevism from Within: The Uzbek Soviet Apparatus; Languages of Power: Uzbeks Outside the Party.
Descriptors: 2000s, archival, bibliographic, bride price, divorce, history, Islamic law, journal, marriage, N, reform, Soviet, Uzbekistan, Uzbeks, women; Zhenotdel, qalin.
Showing posts with label reform. Show all posts
Showing posts with label reform. Show all posts
Fathi, Habiba. "Gender, Islam, and Social Change in Uzbekistan." Central Asian Survey 25, no. 3 (2006): 303-317.
This is a continuation of Fathi's (1997) prior work on otins. In her own words: "This chapter explores the way in which the role of the otin-oyi or bibi-khalife has responded to recent socio-economic and political developments and will place the Central Asian experience within the context of the role of women in Islam more generally." Many of her sources are in French and Russian.
Sections: The Central Asian Case in a Global Muslim Context; Otin-oyi and Bibi-Khalife Past and Present: Reproduction or Reinterpretation?; Russian Turkestan; Soviet Central Asia; Challenging Religious Tradition in the Independent States; Conclusion. Cross References: Fathi 1997. Descriptors: 2000s, ACTORS, archival, bibliographic, F, history, interview, journal, otins, post-Soviet, reform, Soviet, Tsarist, Uzbeks, women.
This is a continuation of Fathi's (1997) prior work on otins. In her own words: "This chapter explores the way in which the role of the otin-oyi or bibi-khalife has responded to recent socio-economic and political developments and will place the Central Asian experience within the context of the role of women in Islam more generally." Many of her sources are in French and Russian.
Sections: The Central Asian Case in a Global Muslim Context; Otin-oyi and Bibi-Khalife Past and Present: Reproduction or Reinterpretation?; Russian Turkestan; Soviet Central Asia; Challenging Religious Tradition in the Independent States; Conclusion. Cross References: Fathi 1997. Descriptors: 2000s, ACTORS, archival, bibliographic, F, history, interview, journal, otins, post-Soviet, reform, Soviet, Tsarist, Uzbeks, women.
Niyazi, Aziz. "Islam and Tajikistan's Human and Ecological Crisis." In Civil society in Central Asia, edited by M. Holt Ruffin and Daniel Waugh, 180-197. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999.
On page 180, Niyazi describes his thesis and chapter as follows: "In Tajikistan, traditional Islamic values, which are concerned with a balanced approach to human development and the conservation of natural resources, may be the key to stable long-term development. This essay will review the nature of Islam in Tajikistan, discuss the connection between the 'Islamic revival' there and the crisis that erupted in the 1990s, and then propose in general terms the way in which local tradition may hold the solution to problems of stable development." In the section on tradition, Niyazi discusses Sufism, shrines, and sacred places. The chapter notes have long explanations and cite English and Russian sources.
Contents: Tradition; The Industrial Onslaught-The Islamic Response; Wider Implications; Traditional Society and Contemporary Problems of Stable Development; notes. Descriptors: 1990s, bibliographic, chapter, history, N, post-Soviet, reform, Tajikistan.
On page 180, Niyazi describes his thesis and chapter as follows: "In Tajikistan, traditional Islamic values, which are concerned with a balanced approach to human development and the conservation of natural resources, may be the key to stable long-term development. This essay will review the nature of Islam in Tajikistan, discuss the connection between the 'Islamic revival' there and the crisis that erupted in the 1990s, and then propose in general terms the way in which local tradition may hold the solution to problems of stable development." In the section on tradition, Niyazi discusses Sufism, shrines, and sacred places. The chapter notes have long explanations and cite English and Russian sources.
Contents: Tradition; The Industrial Onslaught-The Islamic Response; Wider Implications; Traditional Society and Contemporary Problems of Stable Development; notes. Descriptors: 1990s, bibliographic, chapter, history, N, post-Soviet, reform, Tajikistan.
Khalid, Adeeb. The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998.
Khalid's book covers Jadid reformers in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who sought to reform Islam in order to reconcile it with modernity and who used the media as a tool and promoted modern education. In describing the debates prompted by the Jadids of what is "Islamic," Kahlid argues as follows on page xiii: "Islam, and Muslim culture, and the sense of being Muslim are far from immutable characteristics; rather, they change and evolve and do so through debate and the struggles of different groups in Muslim society."
Sections: List of Tables; Preface; Technical Note; Abbreviations; Introduction; 1-Knowledge and Society in the Nineteenth Century; 2-The Making of a Colonial Society; 3-The Origins of Jadidism; 4-The Politics of Admonition; 5-Knowledge as Salvation; 6-Imagining the Nation; 7-Navigating the Nation; 8-1917: The Moment of Truth; Epilogue; Select Bibliography; Index. Descriptors: 1990s, archival, bibliographic, book, diversity, history, jadids, K, reform, Soviet, Tsarist.
Khalid's book covers Jadid reformers in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who sought to reform Islam in order to reconcile it with modernity and who used the media as a tool and promoted modern education. In describing the debates prompted by the Jadids of what is "Islamic," Kahlid argues as follows on page xiii: "Islam, and Muslim culture, and the sense of being Muslim are far from immutable characteristics; rather, they change and evolve and do so through debate and the struggles of different groups in Muslim society."
Sections: List of Tables; Preface; Technical Note; Abbreviations; Introduction; 1-Knowledge and Society in the Nineteenth Century; 2-The Making of a Colonial Society; 3-The Origins of Jadidism; 4-The Politics of Admonition; 5-Knowledge as Salvation; 6-Imagining the Nation; 7-Navigating the Nation; 8-1917: The Moment of Truth; Epilogue; Select Bibliography; Index. Descriptors: 1990s, archival, bibliographic, book, diversity, history, jadids, K, reform, Soviet, Tsarist.
Poliakov, Sergei P. and Martha Brill Olcott. Everyday Islam: Religion and Tradition in Rural Central Asia. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1992.
This book is the work of Poliakov based on his more than thirty years of field research in Soviet Central Asia. Oclott merely provides editing and an introduction. According to Olcott, Poliakov believes that Central Asian traditionalism ("Everyday Islam") needs to be reformed. In the chapter on religion, Poliakov discusses madrasas, mosques, otins, mazar/shrine visits, mazar/Sufi sheikhs, official and unofficial mullahs, SADUM, the mahalla, and other topics.
Sections: Map of Central Asia; Glossary; By Way of Introduction: Martha Brill Olcott; Background; Economic Bases of Traditionalism; Traditionalism and the Family; The Role of Religion in the Community (Religious Institutions; The Clergy); Social Dynamics of Traditionalism; Notes; Index of Subjects; Index of Place Names. Descriptors: 1990s, anthropology, book, ethnography, mahalla, O, P, reform, Soviet
This book is the work of Poliakov based on his more than thirty years of field research in Soviet Central Asia. Oclott merely provides editing and an introduction. According to Olcott, Poliakov believes that Central Asian traditionalism ("Everyday Islam") needs to be reformed. In the chapter on religion, Poliakov discusses madrasas, mosques, otins, mazar/shrine visits, mazar/Sufi sheikhs, official and unofficial mullahs, SADUM, the mahalla, and other topics.
Sections: Map of Central Asia; Glossary; By Way of Introduction: Martha Brill Olcott; Background; Economic Bases of Traditionalism; Traditionalism and the Family; The Role of Religion in the Community (Religious Institutions; The Clergy); Social Dynamics of Traditionalism; Notes; Index of Subjects; Index of Place Names. Descriptors: 1990s, anthropology, book, ethnography, mahalla, O, P, reform, Soviet
Northrop, Douglas. "The Limits of Liberation: Gender, Revolution, and the Veil in Everyday Life in Soviet Uzbekistan." In Everyday Life in Central Asia: Past and Present, edited by Jeff Sahadeo and Russell Zanca, 89-102. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007.
This chapter appears to be a shorter version of Northrop's book Veiled Empire. It provides a concise picture of the hujum attempt by the Soviets to remove the veil from Muslim women in Uzbekistan. The Appendix contains a letter to the Samarqand City Soviet signed by 20 female school teachers chastising the government for not supporting them in resulting social pressures when they took off the veil.
Sections: A Quotidian Revolution: Veils and Family Life in the Soviet Empire; Appendix
This chapter appears to be a shorter version of Northrop's book Veiled Empire. It provides a concise picture of the hujum attempt by the Soviets to remove the veil from Muslim women in Uzbekistan. The Appendix contains a letter to the Samarqand City Soviet signed by 20 female school teachers chastising the government for not supporting them in resulting social pressures when they took off the veil.
Sections: A Quotidian Revolution: Veils and Family Life in the Soviet Empire; Appendix
Kamp, Marianne. The New Woman in Uzbekistan: Islam, Modernity, and Unveiling Under Communism. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006.
While other works on the hujum (Soviet efforts to eliminate the veil) start with the hujum, Kamp shows the history of veiling in Uzbekistan prior to the hujum. In some parts it was drier than I expected, but it is an important work given the relative lack of information on the topic, and subtopics like otins. It also has a good glossary of terms.
Sections: Russian Colonialism in Turkestan and Bukhara; Jadids and the Reform of Women; The Revolution and Rights for Uzbek Women; The Otin and the Soviet School (The Otin and Traditional Education; Closing the Door); The New Women; Unveiling before the Hujum; The Hujum; The Counter-Hujum: Terror and Veiling; Continuity and Change in Uzbek Women's Lives; Conclusions
While other works on the hujum (Soviet efforts to eliminate the veil) start with the hujum, Kamp shows the history of veiling in Uzbekistan prior to the hujum. In some parts it was drier than I expected, but it is an important work given the relative lack of information on the topic, and subtopics like otins. It also has a good glossary of terms.
Sections: Russian Colonialism in Turkestan and Bukhara; Jadids and the Reform of Women; The Revolution and Rights for Uzbek Women; The Otin and the Soviet School (The Otin and Traditional Education; Closing the Door); The New Women; Unveiling before the Hujum; The Hujum; The Counter-Hujum: Terror and Veiling; Continuity and Change in Uzbek Women's Lives; Conclusions
Geiss, Paul Georg. Pre-Tsarist and Tsarist Central Asia: Communal Commitment and Political Order in Change. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.
Geiss's book has a good history of customary law (aksakal/oqsoqol and biy/bii) and Islamic law (qadi/qazi) courts in Central Asia. With regard to Islamic law, it discusses the importance of the mahalla and with regard to customary law, it discusses the importance of tribal relations. It appears well researched and has maps and graphs of tribal relations and a nice glossary of terms. It concludes by arguing that an understanding of the communal commitment structures in Central Asia is necessary before democratic reforms can be achieved.
Contents: Tribal Communal Commitment; Residential Communal Commitment; Pre-Tsarist Tribal Political Integration; Dynastic Rule in the River Oases: Between Tribalism and Patrimonialism; The Tsarist Administration and its Impact on Communal Commitment; Tsarist Protectorates; Prospects. Descriptors: 2000s, ACTORS, archival, book, G, history, Islamic law, mahalla, oqsoqols, pre-Tsarist, reform, SITES, Tsarist.
Geiss's book has a good history of customary law (aksakal/oqsoqol and biy/bii) and Islamic law (qadi/qazi) courts in Central Asia. With regard to Islamic law, it discusses the importance of the mahalla and with regard to customary law, it discusses the importance of tribal relations. It appears well researched and has maps and graphs of tribal relations and a nice glossary of terms. It concludes by arguing that an understanding of the communal commitment structures in Central Asia is necessary before democratic reforms can be achieved.
Contents: Tribal Communal Commitment; Residential Communal Commitment; Pre-Tsarist Tribal Political Integration; Dynastic Rule in the River Oases: Between Tribalism and Patrimonialism; The Tsarist Administration and its Impact on Communal Commitment; Tsarist Protectorates; Prospects. Descriptors: 2000s, ACTORS, archival, book, G, history, Islamic law, mahalla, oqsoqols, pre-Tsarist, reform, SITES, Tsarist.
Geiss, Paul G. "Mahallah and Kinship Relations: A Study on Residential Communal Commitment Structures in Central Asia of the 19th Century." Central Asian Survey 20, no. 1 (2001): 97-106.
Geiss's article discusses the role of Islamic law and kinship relations within the mahalla. It also discusses the role of oqsoqol (aksakal in Kyrgyz or arbob in Tajik) elders.
Contents: Neighbourhood Community; The Impacts of Islamic law (Sharia); Kinship and Residency; Tribal and Residential Communal Commitment
Geiss's article discusses the role of Islamic law and kinship relations within the mahalla. It also discusses the role of oqsoqol (aksakal in Kyrgyz or arbob in Tajik) elders.
Contents: Neighbourhood Community; The Impacts of Islamic law (Sharia); Kinship and Residency; Tribal and Residential Communal Commitment
Feldbrugge, F. J. M. "Criminal Law and Traditional Society: The Role of Soviet Law in the Integration of Non-Slavic Peoples." Review of Socialist Law 3 (1977): 3-51.
This paper uses Russian archival sources to outline the Russian and Soviet intervention into the legal systems, and therefore the society, of their subjects in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Among other topics, it discusses criminal law, family law (the bride price, polygamy, etc.), and the Soviet attack of the veil (hujum). It also discusses the treatment of kazi (qadi) courts and Islamic law as well as bii/biy, manap, and aksakal courts and customary law.
Sections: Introduction; Before 1917; The Soviet Approach; What Types of Conduct are Singled Out?; The Legislative Implementation of Soviet Policies; Some Statistical Data; The Legal Provisions Concerning Traditional Crime; Postscript on the Post-War Situation
This paper uses Russian archival sources to outline the Russian and Soviet intervention into the legal systems, and therefore the society, of their subjects in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Among other topics, it discusses criminal law, family law (the bride price, polygamy, etc.), and the Soviet attack of the veil (hujum). It also discusses the treatment of kazi (qadi) courts and Islamic law as well as bii/biy, manap, and aksakal courts and customary law.
Sections: Introduction; Before 1917; The Soviet Approach; What Types of Conduct are Singled Out?; The Legislative Implementation of Soviet Policies; Some Statistical Data; The Legal Provisions Concerning Traditional Crime; Postscript on the Post-War Situation
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