Köçümkulkïzï, Elmira and Daniel C. Waugh. "Religion." In Traditional Cultures in Central Asia." Silk Road Seattle (2001), http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/culture/religion/religion.html.
Köçümkulkïzï and Waugh argue that "there is a syncretism between pre-Islamic religious tradition and Islamic norms, a fact which explains some of the distinctive features of Central Asian Islamic practice." Further they state: "It is difficult for most Central Asians today to distinguish today between that which is Islamic and that which is shamanic or non-Islamic." To fill out this argument they discuss shamanism, the Yasawi and Naqshbandi Sufi orders, formal/orthodox Islam of historic Bukhara and Samarqand, and sacred sites (mostly in Kyrgyzstan). Among the sacred sites they mention and provide photos of petroglyphs, balbals, burial sites, trees (some with strips of cloth and others with bones), and cairns/oboos. Other than mosques located nearby some of these sites and the presence of Arabic writing, it is unclear the relationship of these sites to Islam. The last example of sycretism cited is the Gur-i Amir Mausoleum in Samarqand, Uzbekistan about which the author's state, "a pole with a horse tail has been erected over one of the graves in the interior, a feature characteristic of oboo ritual sites in other regions of Central Asia which were not influenced by Islam. " Other interesting quotes are as follows:
Showing posts with label history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label history. Show all posts
Keller, Shoshana. To Moscow, not Mecca: The Soviet Campaign Against Islam in Central Asia, 1917-1941. Westport, CN: Praeger, 2001.
As her title states, Keller's book provides a history of the Soviet campaign against Islam in Central Asia. The work is based on archival research in Moscow and Tashkent and bibliographic sources in Russian and English. The Glossary and Index are not very extensive.
As her title states, Keller's book provides a history of the Soviet campaign against Islam in Central Asia. The work is based on archival research in Moscow and Tashkent and bibliographic sources in Russian and English. The Glossary and Index are not very extensive.
Atkin, Muriel. "Tajikistan: Status of Islam Since 1917." Encyclopaedia Iranica Online (July 20, 2005), http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tajikistan-01-status-of-islam-since-1917.
Muriel provides a short overview of Islam in Tajikistan from 1917 to 2005. While her review of the post-Soviet period discusses mostly political aspects of Islam, her discussion of the Soviet period does review popular Islam as in the following quote:
Muriel provides a short overview of Islam in Tajikistan from 1917 to 2005. While her review of the post-Soviet period discusses mostly political aspects of Islam, her discussion of the Soviet period does review popular Islam as in the following quote:
Gross, Jo-Ann, ed. Muslims in Central Asia: Expressions of Identity and Change. Durham: Duke University Press, 1992.
Relevant sections in this edited book include: introduction: Approaches to the Problem of Identity Formation (Gross); I-The Shaping and Reshaping of Identity (2-Religious, National, and Other Identities in Central Asia (Atkin); 3-Ethnic Identity and Political Expression in Northern Afghanistan (Roy)); II-Islam as a Source of Identity (4-The Hui, Islam, and the State: A Sufi Community in China's Northwest Corner (Gladney); 6-Islam in a Changing Society: The Khojas of Eastern Turkistan (Togan)); III-Discourse as a Cultural Expression of Identity (7-Beyond Renewal: The Jadid Response to Pressure for Change in the Modern Age (Lazzerini); 8-Interpreting the Poetry of Mahktumquli (Feldman); 9-Abdullah Qadiriy and the Bolsheviks: From Reform to Revolution (Murphy)).
Descriptors: 1990s, book, edited, G, history, identity.
Relevant sections in this edited book include: introduction: Approaches to the Problem of Identity Formation (Gross); I-The Shaping and Reshaping of Identity (2-Religious, National, and Other Identities in Central Asia (Atkin); 3-Ethnic Identity and Political Expression in Northern Afghanistan (Roy)); II-Islam as a Source of Identity (4-The Hui, Islam, and the State: A Sufi Community in China's Northwest Corner (Gladney); 6-Islam in a Changing Society: The Khojas of Eastern Turkistan (Togan)); III-Discourse as a Cultural Expression of Identity (7-Beyond Renewal: The Jadid Response to Pressure for Change in the Modern Age (Lazzerini); 8-Interpreting the Poetry of Mahktumquli (Feldman); 9-Abdullah Qadiriy and the Bolsheviks: From Reform to Revolution (Murphy)).
Descriptors: 1990s, book, edited, G, history, identity.
Northrop, Douglas. "Subaltern Dialogues: Subversion and Resistance in Soviet Uzbek Family Law." Slavic Review 60, no. 1 (2001): 115-139.
Northrop reviews the Soviet attempt to change Uzbek family life through law (byt crimes) and the complications that are inherent with such law reform projects. He first reviews how the Soviets chose which traditions to criminalize, then how they attempted to enforce those crimes, the local reaction to enforcement, and finally the negotiated outcome. He uses local archives, Uzbek and Russian language materials, and contemporary scholarship as sources. This article is part of his book Veiled Empire. He also wrote, "The Limits of Liberation."
Sections: Custom Criminalized: Defining a Canon of "Byt Crimes;" Soviet Law as a Starting Point: Negotiation, Subversion, Creativity; Reworking Bolshevism from Within: The Uzbek Soviet Apparatus; Languages of Power: Uzbeks Outside the Party.
Descriptors: 2000s, archival, bibliographic, bride price, divorce, history, Islamic law, journal, marriage, N, reform, Soviet, Uzbekistan, Uzbeks, women; Zhenotdel, qalin.
Northrop reviews the Soviet attempt to change Uzbek family life through law (byt crimes) and the complications that are inherent with such law reform projects. He first reviews how the Soviets chose which traditions to criminalize, then how they attempted to enforce those crimes, the local reaction to enforcement, and finally the negotiated outcome. He uses local archives, Uzbek and Russian language materials, and contemporary scholarship as sources. This article is part of his book Veiled Empire. He also wrote, "The Limits of Liberation."
Sections: Custom Criminalized: Defining a Canon of "Byt Crimes;" Soviet Law as a Starting Point: Negotiation, Subversion, Creativity; Reworking Bolshevism from Within: The Uzbek Soviet Apparatus; Languages of Power: Uzbeks Outside the Party.
Descriptors: 2000s, archival, bibliographic, bride price, divorce, history, Islamic law, journal, marriage, N, reform, Soviet, Uzbekistan, Uzbeks, women; Zhenotdel, qalin.
Fathi, Habiba. "Gender, Islam, and Social Change in Uzbekistan." Central Asian Survey 25, no. 3 (2006): 303-317.
This is a continuation of Fathi's (1997) prior work on otins. In her own words: "This chapter explores the way in which the role of the otin-oyi or bibi-khalife has responded to recent socio-economic and political developments and will place the Central Asian experience within the context of the role of women in Islam more generally." Many of her sources are in French and Russian.
Sections: The Central Asian Case in a Global Muslim Context; Otin-oyi and Bibi-Khalife Past and Present: Reproduction or Reinterpretation?; Russian Turkestan; Soviet Central Asia; Challenging Religious Tradition in the Independent States; Conclusion. Cross References: Fathi 1997. Descriptors: 2000s, ACTORS, archival, bibliographic, F, history, interview, journal, otins, post-Soviet, reform, Soviet, Tsarist, Uzbeks, women.
This is a continuation of Fathi's (1997) prior work on otins. In her own words: "This chapter explores the way in which the role of the otin-oyi or bibi-khalife has responded to recent socio-economic and political developments and will place the Central Asian experience within the context of the role of women in Islam more generally." Many of her sources are in French and Russian.
Sections: The Central Asian Case in a Global Muslim Context; Otin-oyi and Bibi-Khalife Past and Present: Reproduction or Reinterpretation?; Russian Turkestan; Soviet Central Asia; Challenging Religious Tradition in the Independent States; Conclusion. Cross References: Fathi 1997. Descriptors: 2000s, ACTORS, archival, bibliographic, F, history, interview, journal, otins, post-Soviet, reform, Soviet, Tsarist, Uzbeks, women.
Tabyshalieva, Anara. "The Kyrgyz and the Spiritual Dimensions of Daily Life." In Islam and Central Asia: An Enduring Legacy or an Evolving Threat?, edited by R. Z. Sagdeev and Susan Eisenhower, 27-38. A Center for Political and Strategic Studies book. Washington, DC: Center for Political and Strategic Studies, 2000.
Tabyshalieva's first two sections briefly discuss sacred sites in Kyrgyzstan, including Suleiman's Mountain in Osh. The third and fourth sections discuss religious pluralism. She divides Kyrgyzstan into three parts: Bishkek with Christian groups; the North with "traditional" Islam; and the South with "strict" Islam. The section on women briefly discusses the veil, polygamy, abortion, and male-domination. The last section discusses political issues in other Central Asian countries. In conclusion, she argues that Central Asian states should be more transparent and open with religion in order to prevent conflicts. Tabyshalieva's chapter covers a lot of material, but not in depth.
Tabyshalieva's first two sections briefly discuss sacred sites in Kyrgyzstan, including Suleiman's Mountain in Osh. The third and fourth sections discuss religious pluralism. She divides Kyrgyzstan into three parts: Bishkek with Christian groups; the North with "traditional" Islam; and the South with "strict" Islam. The section on women briefly discusses the veil, polygamy, abortion, and male-domination. The last section discusses political issues in other Central Asian countries. In conclusion, she argues that Central Asian states should be more transparent and open with religion in order to prevent conflicts. Tabyshalieva's chapter covers a lot of material, but not in depth.
Niyazi, Aziz. "Islam and Tajikistan's Human and Ecological Crisis." In Civil society in Central Asia, edited by M. Holt Ruffin and Daniel Waugh, 180-197. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999.
On page 180, Niyazi describes his thesis and chapter as follows: "In Tajikistan, traditional Islamic values, which are concerned with a balanced approach to human development and the conservation of natural resources, may be the key to stable long-term development. This essay will review the nature of Islam in Tajikistan, discuss the connection between the 'Islamic revival' there and the crisis that erupted in the 1990s, and then propose in general terms the way in which local tradition may hold the solution to problems of stable development." In the section on tradition, Niyazi discusses Sufism, shrines, and sacred places. The chapter notes have long explanations and cite English and Russian sources.
Contents: Tradition; The Industrial Onslaught-The Islamic Response; Wider Implications; Traditional Society and Contemporary Problems of Stable Development; notes. Descriptors: 1990s, bibliographic, chapter, history, N, post-Soviet, reform, Tajikistan.
On page 180, Niyazi describes his thesis and chapter as follows: "In Tajikistan, traditional Islamic values, which are concerned with a balanced approach to human development and the conservation of natural resources, may be the key to stable long-term development. This essay will review the nature of Islam in Tajikistan, discuss the connection between the 'Islamic revival' there and the crisis that erupted in the 1990s, and then propose in general terms the way in which local tradition may hold the solution to problems of stable development." In the section on tradition, Niyazi discusses Sufism, shrines, and sacred places. The chapter notes have long explanations and cite English and Russian sources.
Contents: Tradition; The Industrial Onslaught-The Islamic Response; Wider Implications; Traditional Society and Contemporary Problems of Stable Development; notes. Descriptors: 1990s, bibliographic, chapter, history, N, post-Soviet, reform, Tajikistan.
Sinor, Denis. "Some Latin Sources on the Khanate of Uzbek." In Essays on Uzbek History, Culture, and Language, edited by Bakhtiyar A. Nazarov, Denis Sinor, and Devin A. DeWeese, 110-119. Indiana University Uralic and Altaic Series, v. 156, edited by Dennis Sinor. Bloomington: Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, 1993.
"Uzbek, Khan of the Golden Horde (r. 1313-1342)," is known as "the first khan of the Golden Horde to adopt Islam as a state religion" and "ruler of the Uzbek nation" (p. 110). Even though Islam was the state religion under his rule, the Latin sources reviewed here by Sinor show that he maintained religious tolerance with Mongols and Christians.
Descriptors: 1990s, archival, biography, chapter, historical, history, pre-Tsarist, S, Uzbeks.
"Uzbek, Khan of the Golden Horde (r. 1313-1342)," is known as "the first khan of the Golden Horde to adopt Islam as a state religion" and "ruler of the Uzbek nation" (p. 110). Even though Islam was the state religion under his rule, the Latin sources reviewed here by Sinor show that he maintained religious tolerance with Mongols and Christians.
Descriptors: 1990s, archival, biography, chapter, historical, history, pre-Tsarist, S, Uzbeks.
Khalid, Adeeb. The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998.
Khalid's book covers Jadid reformers in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who sought to reform Islam in order to reconcile it with modernity and who used the media as a tool and promoted modern education. In describing the debates prompted by the Jadids of what is "Islamic," Kahlid argues as follows on page xiii: "Islam, and Muslim culture, and the sense of being Muslim are far from immutable characteristics; rather, they change and evolve and do so through debate and the struggles of different groups in Muslim society."
Sections: List of Tables; Preface; Technical Note; Abbreviations; Introduction; 1-Knowledge and Society in the Nineteenth Century; 2-The Making of a Colonial Society; 3-The Origins of Jadidism; 4-The Politics of Admonition; 5-Knowledge as Salvation; 6-Imagining the Nation; 7-Navigating the Nation; 8-1917: The Moment of Truth; Epilogue; Select Bibliography; Index. Descriptors: 1990s, archival, bibliographic, book, diversity, history, jadids, K, reform, Soviet, Tsarist.
Khalid's book covers Jadid reformers in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who sought to reform Islam in order to reconcile it with modernity and who used the media as a tool and promoted modern education. In describing the debates prompted by the Jadids of what is "Islamic," Kahlid argues as follows on page xiii: "Islam, and Muslim culture, and the sense of being Muslim are far from immutable characteristics; rather, they change and evolve and do so through debate and the struggles of different groups in Muslim society."
Sections: List of Tables; Preface; Technical Note; Abbreviations; Introduction; 1-Knowledge and Society in the Nineteenth Century; 2-The Making of a Colonial Society; 3-The Origins of Jadidism; 4-The Politics of Admonition; 5-Knowledge as Salvation; 6-Imagining the Nation; 7-Navigating the Nation; 8-1917: The Moment of Truth; Epilogue; Select Bibliography; Index. Descriptors: 1990s, archival, bibliographic, book, diversity, history, jadids, K, reform, Soviet, Tsarist.
Levi, Scott C. and Ron Sela. Islamic Central Asia: An Anthology of Historical Sources. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010.
Levi and Sela's anthology is a great compilation of a diverse type of Central Asian historical and literary works from the Seventh to the Nineteenth Centuries, many of which are not widely accessible in English. Each work contains a brief introduction and then a sample (the complete text in some cases) of the subject text translated into English. Even though its title states "Islamic Central Asia," many of the works are not Islamic, but important historical works. The Acknowledgments are very important as they give the bibliographic citations for the sources of the works included in this book.
Sections: Acknowledgments; Introduction; Central Asia in the Early Islamic Period, Seventh to Tenth Centuries; Encounter with the Turks; The Mongol Empire; Timur and the Timurids; Central Asia in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries; Central Asia in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries; Glossary; Index. Descriptors: 2010s, anthology, historical, history, L, literature, pre-Tsarist, S, Soviet, Tsarist
Levi and Sela's anthology is a great compilation of a diverse type of Central Asian historical and literary works from the Seventh to the Nineteenth Centuries, many of which are not widely accessible in English. Each work contains a brief introduction and then a sample (the complete text in some cases) of the subject text translated into English. Even though its title states "Islamic Central Asia," many of the works are not Islamic, but important historical works. The Acknowledgments are very important as they give the bibliographic citations for the sources of the works included in this book.
Sections: Acknowledgments; Introduction; Central Asia in the Early Islamic Period, Seventh to Tenth Centuries; Encounter with the Turks; The Mongol Empire; Timur and the Timurids; Central Asia in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries; Central Asia in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries; Glossary; Index. Descriptors: 2010s, anthology, historical, history, L, literature, pre-Tsarist, S, Soviet, Tsarist
Khalid, Adeeb. Islam After Communism: Religion and Politics in Central Asia. Berkley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2007.
In response to 9/11, and perhaps works written on political Islam in Central Asia after 9/11, this book provides an introduction to contemporary (and historical) Islam in Central Asia with a focus more on politics than popular religious practices. Khalid argues that Islam in the region is secular not political and that it forms part of the region's national identity. His contemporary research is focused mostly on Uzbekistan.
Sections: List of Maps and Tables; Acknowledgments; Introduction; Islam in Central Asia; Empire and the Challenge of Modernity; The Soviet Assault on Islam; Islam in Opposition; The Politics of Antiterrorism; Conclusion: Andijan and Beyond; Glossary; Notes; Select Bibliography; Index. Descriptors: 2000s, book, history, K, post-Soviet, secular Islam, Soviet
In response to 9/11, and perhaps works written on political Islam in Central Asia after 9/11, this book provides an introduction to contemporary (and historical) Islam in Central Asia with a focus more on politics than popular religious practices. Khalid argues that Islam in the region is secular not political and that it forms part of the region's national identity. His contemporary research is focused mostly on Uzbekistan.
Sections: List of Maps and Tables; Acknowledgments; Introduction; Islam in Central Asia; Empire and the Challenge of Modernity; The Soviet Assault on Islam; Islam in Opposition; The Politics of Antiterrorism; Conclusion: Andijan and Beyond; Glossary; Notes; Select Bibliography; Index. Descriptors: 2000s, book, history, K, post-Soviet, secular Islam, Soviet
Fathi, Habiba. "Otines: The Unknown Women Clerics of Central Asian Islam." Central Asian Survey 16, no. 1 (1997): 27-44.
Fathi's article uses Soviet sources to review otins (women Islamic teachers) in Uzbekistan. It provides a good insight into the role of some women in Soviet society and how, despite Soviet attempts to promote atheism, otins helped to preserve Islam and tradition. Before describing otins, it reviews issues such as the bride price, legal age for marriage, marriage, polygamy, the hujum, the veil, parandja, etc. See also Fathi (2006).
Contents: The Soviet State and the Central Asian Woman; The Traditional Role of the Otines; The Role of the Otines in the Survival of Islam; The Mahalla: a Place of Memory; Initiation; Authority in the Community; The Central Asian Family: An Obstacle to the Emergence of Homo Sovieticus; Islam and Independence
Fathi's article uses Soviet sources to review otins (women Islamic teachers) in Uzbekistan. It provides a good insight into the role of some women in Soviet society and how, despite Soviet attempts to promote atheism, otins helped to preserve Islam and tradition. Before describing otins, it reviews issues such as the bride price, legal age for marriage, marriage, polygamy, the hujum, the veil, parandja, etc. See also Fathi (2006).
Contents: The Soviet State and the Central Asian Woman; The Traditional Role of the Otines; The Role of the Otines in the Survival of Islam; The Mahalla: a Place of Memory; Initiation; Authority in the Community; The Central Asian Family: An Obstacle to the Emergence of Homo Sovieticus; Islam and Independence
Shoujiang, Mi and You Jia. Islam in China, translated by Min Chang. China: China Intercontinental Press, 2004.
Shoujiang and Jia discuss the history of Islam in China, but they do so from the perspective of the Chinese government. Therefore, there is greater discussion of the Hui and less discussion of the other nine officially recognized Muslim ethnic groups, very little discussion of the damage done to Islam in China by the Cultural Revolution, no discussion of the repression of Islam in northwestern China, and a perspective that northwestern China was always part of China. The English translation is not the best and it may not be available in the west.
Sections: Spread and Development of Islam in China; Nationalization of Islam in China; Islam in the Republic of China Period; Islam in the Initial Period of New China; Chinese Islam in New Times. Descriptors: 2000s, book, C, China, history, J, overview, post-Soviet, pre-Tsarist, S, Soviet, Tsarist
Shoujiang and Jia discuss the history of Islam in China, but they do so from the perspective of the Chinese government. Therefore, there is greater discussion of the Hui and less discussion of the other nine officially recognized Muslim ethnic groups, very little discussion of the damage done to Islam in China by the Cultural Revolution, no discussion of the repression of Islam in northwestern China, and a perspective that northwestern China was always part of China. The English translation is not the best and it may not be available in the west.
Sections: Spread and Development of Islam in China; Nationalization of Islam in China; Islam in the Republic of China Period; Islam in the Initial Period of New China; Chinese Islam in New Times. Descriptors: 2000s, book, C, China, history, J, overview, post-Soviet, pre-Tsarist, S, Soviet, Tsarist
Lunde, Paul. "Muslims in China: The History." Saudi Aramco World, July/August 1985, http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/198504/muslims.in.china-an.introduction.htm.
Lunde's article appears to be well researched and contains quotes and references to many historical documents. It mostly discusses the introduction of Islam to what is today China by Arabs, ancestors of the Hui. Lunde's discussion of Turkic Muslims in the region is limited. He discusses in detail the relationship between Ch'agan (Xi'an) and Baghdad. There are only a few paragraphs at the end briefly discussing the history of Islam in what is today China from the initial period to modern times. Descriptors: 1980s, archival, China, history, L, magazine, pre-Tsarist; Hui, Xi'an, Kashgar, Ferghana
Lunde's article appears to be well researched and contains quotes and references to many historical documents. It mostly discusses the introduction of Islam to what is today China by Arabs, ancestors of the Hui. Lunde's discussion of Turkic Muslims in the region is limited. He discusses in detail the relationship between Ch'agan (Xi'an) and Baghdad. There are only a few paragraphs at the end briefly discussing the history of Islam in what is today China from the initial period to modern times. Descriptors: 1980s, archival, China, history, L, magazine, pre-Tsarist; Hui, Xi'an, Kashgar, Ferghana
Northrop, Douglas. "The Limits of Liberation: Gender, Revolution, and the Veil in Everyday Life in Soviet Uzbekistan." In Everyday Life in Central Asia: Past and Present, edited by Jeff Sahadeo and Russell Zanca, 89-102. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007.
This chapter appears to be a shorter version of Northrop's book Veiled Empire. It provides a concise picture of the hujum attempt by the Soviets to remove the veil from Muslim women in Uzbekistan. The Appendix contains a letter to the Samarqand City Soviet signed by 20 female school teachers chastising the government for not supporting them in resulting social pressures when they took off the veil.
Sections: A Quotidian Revolution: Veils and Family Life in the Soviet Empire; Appendix
This chapter appears to be a shorter version of Northrop's book Veiled Empire. It provides a concise picture of the hujum attempt by the Soviets to remove the veil from Muslim women in Uzbekistan. The Appendix contains a letter to the Samarqand City Soviet signed by 20 female school teachers chastising the government for not supporting them in resulting social pressures when they took off the veil.
Sections: A Quotidian Revolution: Veils and Family Life in the Soviet Empire; Appendix
Kamp, Marianne. The New Woman in Uzbekistan: Islam, Modernity, and Unveiling Under Communism. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006.
While other works on the hujum (Soviet efforts to eliminate the veil) start with the hujum, Kamp shows the history of veiling in Uzbekistan prior to the hujum. In some parts it was drier than I expected, but it is an important work given the relative lack of information on the topic, and subtopics like otins. It also has a good glossary of terms.
Sections: Russian Colonialism in Turkestan and Bukhara; Jadids and the Reform of Women; The Revolution and Rights for Uzbek Women; The Otin and the Soviet School (The Otin and Traditional Education; Closing the Door); The New Women; Unveiling before the Hujum; The Hujum; The Counter-Hujum: Terror and Veiling; Continuity and Change in Uzbek Women's Lives; Conclusions
While other works on the hujum (Soviet efforts to eliminate the veil) start with the hujum, Kamp shows the history of veiling in Uzbekistan prior to the hujum. In some parts it was drier than I expected, but it is an important work given the relative lack of information on the topic, and subtopics like otins. It also has a good glossary of terms.
Sections: Russian Colonialism in Turkestan and Bukhara; Jadids and the Reform of Women; The Revolution and Rights for Uzbek Women; The Otin and the Soviet School (The Otin and Traditional Education; Closing the Door); The New Women; Unveiling before the Hujum; The Hujum; The Counter-Hujum: Terror and Veiling; Continuity and Change in Uzbek Women's Lives; Conclusions
Benson, Linda and Ingvar Svanberg. China's Last Nomads: The History and Culture of China's Kazaks. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1998.
This book contains a good historical and contemporary history of the Kazaks in Central Asia and China.
Sections: The Kazaks of Northwestern China: The Physical and Cultural Setting; Kazaks in Central Eurasia and China to the Twentieth Century; China's Kazaks, 1912-1949; CCP Minority Policy and Its Implementation in Xinjiang; Life at the Local Level: Development and Change in Xinjiang's Autonomous Kazak Areas; Kazak Culture and Chinese Politics; Kazakhstan and China's Kazaks in the Twenty-First Century
This book contains a good historical and contemporary history of the Kazaks in Central Asia and China.
Sections: The Kazaks of Northwestern China: The Physical and Cultural Setting; Kazaks in Central Eurasia and China to the Twentieth Century; China's Kazaks, 1912-1949; CCP Minority Policy and Its Implementation in Xinjiang; Life at the Local Level: Development and Change in Xinjiang's Autonomous Kazak Areas; Kazak Culture and Chinese Politics; Kazakhstan and China's Kazaks in the Twenty-First Century
Geiss, Paul Georg. Pre-Tsarist and Tsarist Central Asia: Communal Commitment and Political Order in Change. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.
Geiss's book has a good history of customary law (aksakal/oqsoqol and biy/bii) and Islamic law (qadi/qazi) courts in Central Asia. With regard to Islamic law, it discusses the importance of the mahalla and with regard to customary law, it discusses the importance of tribal relations. It appears well researched and has maps and graphs of tribal relations and a nice glossary of terms. It concludes by arguing that an understanding of the communal commitment structures in Central Asia is necessary before democratic reforms can be achieved.
Contents: Tribal Communal Commitment; Residential Communal Commitment; Pre-Tsarist Tribal Political Integration; Dynastic Rule in the River Oases: Between Tribalism and Patrimonialism; The Tsarist Administration and its Impact on Communal Commitment; Tsarist Protectorates; Prospects. Descriptors: 2000s, ACTORS, archival, book, G, history, Islamic law, mahalla, oqsoqols, pre-Tsarist, reform, SITES, Tsarist.
Geiss's book has a good history of customary law (aksakal/oqsoqol and biy/bii) and Islamic law (qadi/qazi) courts in Central Asia. With regard to Islamic law, it discusses the importance of the mahalla and with regard to customary law, it discusses the importance of tribal relations. It appears well researched and has maps and graphs of tribal relations and a nice glossary of terms. It concludes by arguing that an understanding of the communal commitment structures in Central Asia is necessary before democratic reforms can be achieved.
Contents: Tribal Communal Commitment; Residential Communal Commitment; Pre-Tsarist Tribal Political Integration; Dynastic Rule in the River Oases: Between Tribalism and Patrimonialism; The Tsarist Administration and its Impact on Communal Commitment; Tsarist Protectorates; Prospects. Descriptors: 2000s, ACTORS, archival, book, G, history, Islamic law, mahalla, oqsoqols, pre-Tsarist, reform, SITES, Tsarist.
Geiss, Paul G. "Mahallah and Kinship Relations: A Study on Residential Communal Commitment Structures in Central Asia of the 19th Century." Central Asian Survey 20, no. 1 (2001): 97-106.
Geiss's article discusses the role of Islamic law and kinship relations within the mahalla. It also discusses the role of oqsoqol (aksakal in Kyrgyz or arbob in Tajik) elders.
Contents: Neighbourhood Community; The Impacts of Islamic law (Sharia); Kinship and Residency; Tribal and Residential Communal Commitment
Geiss's article discusses the role of Islamic law and kinship relations within the mahalla. It also discusses the role of oqsoqol (aksakal in Kyrgyz or arbob in Tajik) elders.
Contents: Neighbourhood Community; The Impacts of Islamic law (Sharia); Kinship and Residency; Tribal and Residential Communal Commitment
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