Shahbazi, A. Shapur. "Nowruz: In the Islamic Period." Encyclopaedia Iranica Online (November 15, 2009), http://www.iranica.com/articles/nowruz-ii.

Shahbazi provides a concise history of Navruz from the Islamic conquest of Persia to the present day.  While he discusses the tension with observing ancient Iranian traditions in strictly Muslim societies, he also mentions that some Muslims associate Islamic traditions with the holiday.  For example, some believe that Navruz was the day when the following events occurred:

Riasanovsky, V. A. "Juristic Customs of the Kirghiz." In Customary Law of the Nomadic Tribes of Siberia. Tientsin, 1938.

This chapter quotes some of the Kazakh (referred to by Riasanovsky as "Kirghiz (Kirghiz-Kaisaks)") customary laws (e.g. family, property, criminal) that were codified (e.g. "Laws of Khan Tevka") during the Tsarist period.  It also reviews some of the Mongol, Muslim, and Russian influences on customary law.  On page 24, Riasanovsky states: "As is well known, the Mohammedan religion exerted an influence on the laws of the peoples which professed it.  Such influence also existed among the Kirghiz." 

Fathi, Habiba. "Gender, Islam, and Social Change in Uzbekistan." Central Asian Survey 25, no. 3 (2006): 303-317.

This is a continuation of Fathi's (1997) prior work on otins.  In her own words: "This chapter explores the way in which the role of the otin-oyi or bibi-khalife has responded to recent socio-economic and political developments and will place the Central Asian experience within the context of the role of women in Islam more generally."  Many of her sources are in French and Russian.

Sections: The Central Asian Case in a Global Muslim Context; Otin-oyi and Bibi-Khalife Past and Present: Reproduction or Reinterpretation?; Russian Turkestan; Soviet Central Asia; Challenging Religious Tradition in the Independent States; Conclusion.  Cross References: Fathi 1997.  Descriptors: 2000s, ACTORS, archival, bibliographic, F, history, interview, journal, otins, post-Soviet, reform, Soviet, Tsarist, Uzbeks, women.

Sagdeev, Roald. "Historical Background." In "Central Asia and Islam: An Overview." In Islam and Central Asia: An Enduring Legacy or an Evolving Threat?, edited by R. Z. Sagdeev and Susan Eisenhower, 7-10. A Center for Political and Strategic Studies book. Washington, DC: Center for Political and Strategic Studies, 2000.

This four page section is a brief standard historical overview of Islam in Central Asia.  It has a larger emphasis on the Soviet period and only one sentence on the contemporary period.  In addition to the basic history, it briefly discusses Jadids, but not Sufism.  The other sections in the chapter, which are more political, include: The Transformation of Islam in Post-Soviet Central Asia; The Great Split; Interconnections with Russia; External Factors in the Islamic World; Islam and Regional Problems.

Descriptors: 2000s, chapter, general knowledge, overview, pre-Tsarist, R, science, section, Soviet, Tsarist.

Krämer, Gudrun, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, and Everett Rowson, eds. Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill Online, 2010.

The third edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam is similar to the second edition, but it has much fewer entries.  Some of the few entries relating to Central Asia include Astana (nothing about Islam) and Babur.  Descriptors: 2010s, bibliographic, encyclopedia, K, M, N, post-Soviet, pre-Tsarist, R, Soviet, Tsarist.

Bearman, P., Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, and W.P. Heinrichs, eds. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2010.

The Encyclopaedia of Islam is an excellent source of information on Islamic regions in general, especially if you have online access.  As for Central Asia, it includes entries for its countries, cities, people, historical figures, literary works, movements, and even kumis (fermented mares milk).  From these entries, and others, basic information about the history, repression, and pracitce of Islam in historical and present day Central Asia can be found.  Descriptors: 2010s, B, bibliographic, D, encyclopedia, H, post-Soviet, pre-Tsarist, Soviet, Tsarist.

Bregel, Yuri. "Religion." In Bibliography of Islamic Central Asia, Part I: History; Religion; Culture, 671-712. Bloomington, IN: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, 1995.

Bregel's bibliography is three two-inch thick volumes covering everything to do with Central Asia.  The section on religion is only one section of the bibliography and works touching on Islam in Central Asia might be found in other sections.  Most of the works are in Russian or other Central Asian languages.  Because this bibliography is so comprehensive, it appears to be a great tool for researching foreign sources on Central Asia.  It's main limitation is that it was published in 1995 and does not include the many subsequent publications, including those in English, on the region.

Relevent Sections: Islam (General; Islamization; Islam under Russian Rule; Islam under Chinse Rule; Theology and Law; Sects (Ismailiyya; Other); Sufism (General, Early Sufism; Under Russian Rule; Under Chinese Rule; Sufi Orders: Naqshabandiyya; Sufi Orders: Yasaviyya; Sufi Orders: Kubraviyya; Sufi Orders:Other); Saints and Holy Places; Popular Beliefs and Practices.  Descriptors: 1990s, B, bibliography, chapter, post-Soviet, pre-Tsarist, Soviet, Tsarist

Khalid, Adeeb. The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998.

Khalid's book covers Jadid reformers in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who sought to reform Islam in order to reconcile it with modernity and who used the media as a tool and promoted modern education.  In describing the debates prompted by the Jadids of what is "Islamic," Kahlid argues as follows on page xiii: "Islam, and Muslim culture, and the sense of being Muslim are far from immutable characteristics; rather, they change and evolve and do so through debate and the struggles of different groups in Muslim society."

Sections: List of Tables; Preface; Technical Note; Abbreviations; Introduction; 1-Knowledge and Society in the Nineteenth Century; 2-The Making of a Colonial Society; 3-The Origins of Jadidism; 4-The Politics of Admonition; 5-Knowledge as Salvation; 6-Imagining the Nation; 7-Navigating the Nation; 8-1917: The Moment of Truth; Epilogue; Select Bibliography; Index. Descriptors: 1990s, archival, bibliographic, book, diversity, history, jadids, K, reform, Soviet, Tsarist.

Levi, Scott C. and Ron Sela. Islamic Central Asia: An Anthology of Historical Sources. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010.

Levi and Sela's anthology is a great compilation of a diverse type of Central Asian historical and literary works from the Seventh to the Nineteenth Centuries, many of which are not widely accessible in English.  Each work contains a brief introduction and then a sample (the complete text in some cases) of the subject text translated into English.  Even though its title states "Islamic Central Asia," many of the works are not Islamic, but important historical works. The Acknowledgments are very important as they give the bibliographic citations for the sources of the works included in this book.

Sections: Acknowledgments; Introduction; Central Asia in the Early Islamic Period, Seventh to Tenth Centuries; Encounter with the Turks; The Mongol Empire; Timur and the Timurids; Central Asia in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries; Central Asia in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries; Glossary; Index.  Descriptors: 2010s, anthology, historical, history, L, literature, pre-Tsarist, S, Soviet, Tsarist

Akiner, Shiri2009n. "Islam and State 'Ideologies.'" In "Post-Soviet Central Asia: Past is Prologue." In The New States of Central Asia and their Neighbors, edited by Peter Ferdinand, 20-23. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1994. 

The first two pages of this four page section briefly review pre-Soviet, Soviet, and post-Soviet Islam in Central Asia. They take the view that Islam was not very strong in the pre-Soviet and Soviet periods and discuss state control of Islam in the post-Soviet period.  The last two pages discuss nation building efforts in the region. 

Shoujiang, Mi and You Jia. Islam in China, translated by Min Chang. China: China Intercontinental Press, 2004.

Shoujiang and Jia discuss the history of Islam in China, but they do so from the perspective of the Chinese government.  Therefore, there is greater discussion of the Hui and less discussion of the other nine officially recognized Muslim ethnic groups, very little discussion of the damage done to Islam in China by the Cultural Revolution, no discussion of the repression of Islam in northwestern China, and a perspective that northwestern China was always part of China.  The English translation is not the best and it may not be available in the west.

Sections: Spread and Development of Islam in China; Nationalization of Islam in China; Islam in the Republic of China Period; Islam in the Initial Period of New China; Chinese Islam in New Times. Descriptors: 2000s, book, C, China, history, J, overview, post-Soviet, pre-Tsarist, S, Soviet, Tsarist

Kamp, Marianne. The New Woman in Uzbekistan: Islam, Modernity, and Unveiling Under Communism. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006.

While other works on the hujum (Soviet efforts to eliminate the veil) start with the hujum, Kamp shows the history of veiling in Uzbekistan prior to the hujum.  In some parts it was drier than I expected, but it is an important work given the relative lack of information on the topic, and subtopics like otins.  It also has a good glossary of terms.

Sections: Russian Colonialism in Turkestan and Bukhara; Jadids and the Reform of Women; The Revolution and Rights for Uzbek Women; The Otin and the Soviet School (The Otin and Traditional Education; Closing the Door); The New Women; Unveiling before the Hujum; The Hujum; The Counter-Hujum: Terror and Veiling; Continuity and Change in Uzbek Women's Lives; Conclusions

Bennigsen, Alexandre and Fanny E. Bryan. "Islam in Central Asia." In The Religious Traditions of Asia, edited by Joseph M. Kitagawa, 239-254. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co., 1989.

This is a good brief overview of the history of Islam in Central Asia. It does contain some Sovieteological descriptions of moderate and syncretic Islam in the region.

Sections: The Beginning of Islamization; The Rooting of Islam; The Early Spread of Islam; Sufi Influence; The Period of Disasters; The Kara-Khitay in Central Asia; Central Asia Under the Mongols; The Victory of Islam and the Era of Decadence; The Tariqahs; Later Dynasties; Russian and Soviet Domination; Islam in Central Asia Today; Administration; Sufi Organizations. Descriptors: 1980s, B, bibliographic, chapter, overview, post-Soviet, pre-Tsarist, Soviet, Tsarist; syncretism, superficial.

Benson, Linda and Ingvar Svanberg. China's Last Nomads: The History and Culture of China's Kazaks. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1998.

This book contains a good historical and contemporary history of the Kazaks in Central Asia and China.

Sections: The Kazaks of Northwestern China: The Physical and Cultural Setting; Kazaks in Central Eurasia and China to the Twentieth Century; China's Kazaks, 1912-1949; CCP Minority Policy and Its Implementation in Xinjiang; Life at the Local Level: Development and Change in Xinjiang's Autonomous Kazak Areas; Kazak Culture and Chinese Politics; Kazakhstan and China's Kazaks in the Twenty-First Century

Geiss, Paul Georg. Pre-Tsarist and Tsarist Central Asia: Communal Commitment and Political Order in Change. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

Geiss's book has a good history of customary law (aksakal/oqsoqol and biy/bii) and Islamic law (qadi/qazi) courts in Central Asia. With regard to Islamic law, it discusses the importance of the mahalla and with regard to customary law, it discusses the importance of tribal relations. It appears well researched and has maps and graphs of tribal relations and a nice glossary of terms. It concludes by arguing that an understanding of the communal commitment structures in Central Asia is necessary before democratic reforms can be achieved.

Contents: Tribal Communal Commitment; Residential Communal Commitment; Pre-Tsarist Tribal Political Integration; Dynastic Rule in the River Oases: Between Tribalism and Patrimonialism; The Tsarist Administration and its Impact on Communal Commitment; Tsarist Protectorates; Prospects.  Descriptors: 2000s, ACTORS, archival, book, G, history, Islamic law, mahalla, oqsoqols, pre-Tsarist, reform, SITES, Tsarist.

Geiss, Paul G. "Mahallah and Kinship Relations: A Study on Residential Communal Commitment Structures in Central Asia of the 19th Century." Central Asian Survey 20, no. 1 (2001): 97-106.

Geiss's article discusses the role of Islamic law and kinship relations within the mahalla. It also discusses the role of oqsoqol (aksakal in Kyrgyz or arbob in Tajik) elders.

Contents: Neighbourhood Community; The Impacts of Islamic law (Sharia); Kinship and Residency; Tribal and Residential Communal Commitment

Frank, Allen J. and Mirkasyim A. Usmanov, eds. An Islamic Biographical Dictionary of the Eastern Kazakh Steppe, 1770-1912: Khalidi, Qurban-'Ali. Brill's Inner Asian Library, Vol. 12, edited by Nicola Di Cosmo, Devin Deweese and Caroline Humphrey. Leiden: Brill, 2005.

This book, which was written between 1911 and 1913, contains many short biographies translated into English of Muslim figures in the eastern Kazakh steppe.  Qurban-'Ali Khalidi, the author, lived from 1846 to 1913.  He was a chief judge (qazi/qadi) for local Turkic Muslims and was accomplished in Qur'an recitation and Islamic law. 

Contents: Introduction (The Author and his Works; Islam in Eastern Kazakhstan and Dzungaria; Islamic Biographical Dictionaries in Imperial Russia; The Manuscript: Its Scope, Sources, and Language; Editor's Notes on the Edition); the Dictionary (English Translation and Notes; Turkic Text)

Feldbrugge, F. J. M. "Criminal Law and Traditional Society: The Role of Soviet Law in the Integration of Non-Slavic Peoples." Review of Socialist Law 3 (1977): 3-51.

This paper uses Russian archival sources to outline the Russian and Soviet intervention into the legal systems, and therefore the society, of their subjects in the Caucasus and Central Asia.  Among other topics, it discusses criminal law, family law (the bride price, polygamy, etc.), and the Soviet attack of the veil (hujum).  It also discusses the treatment of kazi (qadi) courts and Islamic law as well as bii/biy, manap, and aksakal courts and customary law.

Sections: Introduction; Before 1917; The Soviet Approach; What Types of Conduct are Singled Out?; The Legislative Implementation of Soviet Policies; Some Statistical Data; The Legal Provisions Concerning Traditional Crime; Postscript on the Post-War Situation

Feldman, Walter. "Interpreting the Poetry of Mahktumquli." In Muslims in Central Asia: Expressions of Identity and Change, edited by Jo-Ann Gross, 167-189. Durham: Duke University Press, 1992.

In addition to being "the most significant figure in the creation of Turkmenian written literature," Mahktumquli is also a Muslim figure from Turkmenistan.  The following introduction, also from page 167, describes the chapter: "This brief chapter will attempt to demonstrate how the aesthetic choices of Mahktumquli made literary form into a strong symbol of the historical and the incipient national consciousness of the Turkmen people."

Sections: The Biography of Mahktumquli; Poetry of Mahktumquli

Polonskaya, Ludmila and Alexei Malashenko. Islam in Central Asia. Reading: Ithaca Press, 1994.

This book summarizes the pre-Tzarist, Tzarist, Soviet, and post-Soviet history of Islam in Central Asia. It argues that the Bolsheviks in Soviet times were not able to abolish Islam as it merely went underground. It uses many Russian sources that may not be easily accessible and mentions early Moslem reformers in the region and compares them to reformers in other Muslim countries like Egypt. It's main draw-back is that it is not current. For example, the authors speculate that Islamic fundamentalism would have greater political power in Central Asia than it has had in the 15 years since the book's publication. 

Contents: Islam and Central Asia before the Russian conquest; Islam in Central Asia from the period of colonisation to the 1917 Revolution; Islam and Moslems of Central Asia under the communist regime; The first steps of Islamic renaissance; Islam and politics; New Moslem Central Asian States and Russia.  Descriptors: 1990s, book, history, M, overview, P, post-Soviet, pre-Tsarist, Soviet, Tsarist.